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Allergies 101: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
Approximately 50 million Americans are affected by some form of allergy. Many substances in our surroundings can trigger allergy symptoms, some of which are easier to avoid than others. An allergic reaction occurs when the immune organization mistakenly identifies a substance (an allergen) as harmful to the torso. The body's reaction to this "false alarm" produces a series of unpleasant symptoms.
Depending on the type of allergy, symptoms can occur in the optics, nose, throat, sinuses, lungs, in the lining of the tum, or on the skin. Sometimes, the allergic reaction is astringent, leading to animate problems, serious skin rashes, or a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. At other times, allergies symptoms, similar itchy optics and a runny nose, are much more manageable.
In the same way symptoms vary profoundly, avoiding allergies or mitigating exposure to triggers can exist tricky. Sometimes, it involves avoiding a particular substance, while, in other cases, patients can treat allergies using over-the-counter medications; medicines prescribed by a doctor; or allergy shots. All of this to say, it'due south of import to be prepared and empathize your specific allergies more thoroughly.
Food Allergies: This type of allergy occurs when the body misidentifies sure foods as harmful. Some common food allergens include peanuts, shellfish, soy, wheat, milk, and eggs. Many of these allergens (e.thou. soy, wheat) are "hidden" in processed foods and tin be difficult to identify equally the source of the allergic reaction. Food allergies affect up to eight percent of children under the age of three years, and up to three percent of adults.
Drug Allergies: This type of allergy occurs when the torso misidentifies certain medications as harmful. Penicillin and antibiotics are the well-nigh common causes of drug allergies, but pain relievers; anticonvulsants; insulin; drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis; and X-ray contrast dyes can all trigger allergic reactions. Additionally, drug allergies tin can occur with over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements, not but medicines prescribed by your doctor.
Seasonal Allergies:
Besides known equally hay fever or allergic rhinitis, this type of allergy occurs when the torso misidentifies pollen or mold particles as harmful. Because more of these particles are released during jump, summer, and fall, symptoms tend to develop or worsen at these times of the yr.
Allergic Dermatitis: This type of allergy occurs when the body misidentifies certain substances that are applied to or come into contact with the peel. The nearly common allergens are chemicals found in soaps, detergents, and fabric softeners, but allergy-causing substances tin can also exist found in pesticides, hair dyes, blast smooth, shampoos, fragrances in perfumes or moisturizers, topical antibiotics, adhesives, rubber, latex, and metals found in jewelry and other objects. Additionally, poison ivy, poison sumac, poison oak, and other establish sensitivities fall into this category.
Insect Sting Allergy: This type of allergy occurs when the body misidentifies the venom from an insect sting as harmful. While many people have a mild reaction, such every bit slight redness, swelling, and itchiness from a mosquito bite, others tin feel more severe, unsafe reactions. Stings from bees, wasps, hornets and fire ants are common triggers for this allergic response.
Symptoms of Allergies
The types of symptoms a person experiences is often related to the allergen to which they have been exposed. For example, when someone eats a food that they are allergic to, they volition usually feel symptoms related to their digestive system, such every bit tum cramps or diarrhea. Likewise, allergens that are inhaled typically result in breathing, olfactory organ and pharynx issues, while allergens that affect the skin commonly lead to hives, itching or rashes.
Allergies tin can produce a broad variety of symptoms, including:
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Runny nose
- Congestion
- Itchy nose, throat, mouth, eyes or peel
- Burning or watery optics
- Conjunctivitis
- Stomach cramps
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Skin rashes
- Peel swelling
- Urticaria (hives)
For people with more severe allergies — usually those related to foods or insect bites — a severe reaction chosen anaphylaxis may occur. This status requires emergency medical intendance and may cause the following symptoms:
- Pare rash
- Swollen face and airway
- Noisy breathing
- Astringent shortness of breath
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lightheadedness
- Loss of consciousness
Untreated, anaphylaxis tin atomic number 82 to death.
Causes and Hazard Factors
Allergic reactions begin in the allowed system, which is designed to protect us from harmful invading organisms, including leaner and viruses, that have potential to cause affliction. Allergies are acquired by the immune system mistakenly identifying a substance (an allergen) as a harmful invader.
If you take an allergy, your immune organization overreacts when it encounters the allergen by producing immunoglobulin E antibodies, which demark to specialized cells chosen mast cells, which and so release a chemic called histamine. In turn, histamine triggers the allergic reaction. Mast cells are nowadays in the optics, nose, mouth, pharynx, stomach, and skin — the sites involved in mutual allergy symptoms.
Some risk factors increase your chances of developing allergies, including:
- Being a child: Children are more likely than adults to develop allergies. Sometimes children will outgrow an allergy or the allergy will go away and then come up back afterward in life.
- Having asthma: People with asthma are more than likely to develop an allergy.
- Having other allergies: People who have an allergy to something are more likely to develop other allergies.
- Having a family history of asthma or allergies: When a family fellow member has an allergy or asthma, it increases an private's run a risk for developing an allergic condition. Both genetics (your family history) and your surroundings probable play a office in your potential allergy development.
Prevention & Treatment
The all-time mode to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the allergen. Depending on the allergy, that could hateful different things. If you suffer from seasonal or dust allergies, you could use a special air filter (e.g. a HEPA filter) to reduce allergens in the air, for example. Additionally, keeping your habitation free of grit, smoke, mold, mildew, and pet dander may help.
If you lot suffer from insect-sting allergies, wear light-colored clothing that covers more of your skin when outdoors. If you accept a food allergy, it might have some time to place the specific nutrient that triggers a reaction before y'all tin eliminate information technology from your nutrition.
Many allergies are effectively treated with medications like corticosteroids, decongestants, antihistamines, leukotriene modifiers, and cromolyn sodium (a mast cell inhibitor). Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are available, and so ask your medico which medicine might work best for you lot.
In some cases, immunotherapy can be administered via a series of injections (allergy shots). This approach uses small amounts of the allergen to "railroad train" your allowed system to recognize it as not harmful. Immunotherapy may be able to reduce the severity of an allergic condition over a number of years. Finally, those with astringent allergies oftentimes have to carry an emergency epinephrine shot, an "EpiPen" with them. If a severe allergic reaction occurs, this injection can exist used to reduce symptoms until emergency medical intendance arrives.
Although allergies are quite common, it's important to seek treatment to reduce your symptoms and avert potentially dangerous breathing bug. Those with astringent allergies should consider wearing a bracelet or other identifying accessory to alert others of their need for immediate medical attending if a severe allergic reaction occurs.
Resource Links
- "Allergies" via American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI)
- "Allergic Reactions | Allergy Library" via American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI)
- "Types of Allergies" via Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform
- "Allergy" via MedlinePlus
- "Drug Allergy" via Mayo Clinic
- "Food Allergy" via Mayo Dispensary
- "Allergies — Symptoms & Causes" via Mayo Dispensary
- "Allergy-proof Your Home" via Mayo Clinic
- "Allergies — Insects: Bees, Wasps & Hornets" via Centers for Disease Command and Prevention (CDC)
- "Allergy Shots: Could They Help Your Allergies?" via FamilyDoctor.org
Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health-conditions/allergies-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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